Key takeaways: Many methods are compatible with breastfeeding. Non-hormonal methods (copper IUD, condoms) don’t affect supply. Progestin-only methods are generally considered compatible. Estrogen-containing methods may lower supply for some people and are not recommended in the early weeks. The lactational amenorrhea method works only when strict criteria are met.
You can get pregnant before your period returns. Planning birth control is part of postpartum care.
Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
LAM is more than 98% effective when all three criteria are met:
- Your baby is under 6 months.
- Your period hasn’t returned.
- You’re fully or nearly fully breastfeeding, day and night, without long gaps.
If any of these changes, use another method.
Non-Hormonal Methods
- Copper IUD: very effective, no hormones.
- Condoms, diaphragms: no effect on supply.
- Sterilization (tubal or vasectomy for a partner): permanent.
Progestin-Only Methods
The CDC’s U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria considers these generally safe while breastfeeding:
- Hormonal IUD (levonorgestrel).
- Implant (etonogestrel).
- Progestin-only pill.
- Injection (depot medroxyprogesterone).
Most research hasn’t found that these reduce milk supply, though some people report changes. Timing of placement after birth is something to discuss with your provider.
Estrogen-Containing Methods
Combined pills, patches, and rings contain estrogen, which may lower milk supply for some people. Estrogen also raises the risk of blood clots in the first weeks after birth. The CDC generally advises against them in the early postpartum weeks and lists considerations for breastfeeding parents.
Emergency Contraception
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception is considered compatible with breastfeeding.
If Supply Drops
Tell your provider. Switching to a non-hormonal method may help.
Talk to your provider about: your plans for future pregnancies, your health history, and how soon you want a method.
The Bottom Line
Many effective birth control options are compatible with breastfeeding. Non-hormonal and progestin-only methods are usually preferred, especially early on.
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Sources
- Nguyen AT, Curtis KM, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(4):1-126.
- Berens P, Labbok M; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM Clinical Protocol #13: Contraception during breastfeeding, revised 2015. Breastfeed Med. 2015;10(1):3-12.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Postpartum birth control. https://www.acog.org
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for individualized medical advice. Always talk with your baby’s health care provider or your own provider about your specific situation. If you think your baby or you may have a medical emergency, call 911.
